Disease caused by one of the two poultry-adapted strains of Salmonella bacteria, Salmonella Gallinarum. This can cause mortality in birds of any age. Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible. Chickens are most commonly affected but it also infects turkeys, game birds, guinea fowls, sparrows, parrots, canaries and bullfinches. Infections still occur worldwide in non-commercial poultry but are rare in most commercial systems now. Morbidity is 10-100%; mortality is increased in stressed or immunocompromised flocks and may be up to 100%. The route of infection is oral or via the navel/yolk. Transmission may be transovarian or horizontal by faecal-oral contamination, egg eating etc, even in adults. The bacterium is fairly resistant to normal climate, surviving months, but is susceptible to normal disinfectants.

Signs

Dejection.

Ruffled feathers.

Inappetance.

Thirst.

Yellow diarrhoea.

Reluctance to move.

Prevention

Biosecurity, clean chicks. As with other salmonellae, recovered birds are resistant to the effects of infection but may remain carriers. Vaccines for fowl typhoid have been used in some areas, both live (usually based on the Houghton 9R strain) and bacterins.

. Information taken from the poultrysite.